In India, cardiovascular disease has reached epidemic proportions, and it is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality. Heart attack, heart failure, and valvular heart disease are the most prevalent heart illnesses. Treatment for heart disease has advanced significantly, with sophisticated treatments such as coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting now regularly performed in most tertiary care facilities. Despite this, the prevalence of heart disease and the number of people affected by it continue to rise. The most frequent heart disease risk factors can be categorized into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and an unhealthy diet are all controllable risk factors. Age, genetics, and sex are non-modifiable risk variables. It’s crucial to understand the non-modifiable risk factors because possessing them puts you in a high-risk category, making it even more critical to address the modifiable risk factors.
Nowadays, everyone has hectic schedules that include long work hours and working late into the night. There isn’t a lot of time for regular physical activity. This leads to a sedentary lifestyle and the metabolic syndrome that comes with it. It is critical to incorporate a physical fitness regimen into one’s everyday routine. The most essential thing here is to stick to any sort of exercise routine that you can stick to for a long period (years).
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Most of us go to the gym and start an intense fitness routine, only to abandon it after a few months. Making physical activity a social occasion with friends is one approach. This will assist us in making this a long-term hobby because we will enjoy each other’s company and will be motivated by each other. At least five times a week, we should strive to acquire 45 minutes to an hour of exercise. Cardio workouts include brisk walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, treadmill use, or participation in sports such as badminton, cricket, and football. Prior to beginning an exercise program, patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should check with their cardiologist.
Good dietary habits can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and help control risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Controlling blood pressure necessitates a reduction in salt consumption. The ideal diet will include plenty of vegetables and fruits, as well as a healthy mix of carbohydrates, fat, and protein.
Anyone over the age of 30 should be screened on a regular basis to detect risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. In the early stages, these illnesses are asymptomatic, and a delay in diagnosis might result in permanent harm. Anyone over the age of 40 who has risk factors for heart disease should have a cardiac health test once a year.
